Impacto y riesgo ambiental del uso de pesticidas en cultivos de la cuenca del Arroyo Ludueña, Santa Fe
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Date
2014
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Publisher
Centro Universitario Rosario de Investigaciones Hidroambientales (CURIHAM). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura. Universidad Nacional de Rosario.
Abstract
Description
El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar los impactos y riesgos ambientales producidos por la aplicación de pesticidas en cultivos de una cuenca del sur de Santa Fe, Argentina. El trabajo se desarrolló en la cuenca rural del arroyo Ludueña, en los cultivos de soja, maíz y trigo, de ocho sistemas de producción: dos monocultivos de soja, dos rotaciones agrícolas, cuatro mixtos, con invernada y tambo. Se relevó la información de la gestión anual de los pesticidas. Se calculó el coeficiente de impacto ambiental y el índice de riesgo ambiental de los pesticidas utilizados en los cultivos de los sistemas de producción. Los mayores impactos negativos y riesgo ambiental se alcanzaron con la inclusión de maíz en las rotaciones. En el sistema mixto con invernada de mayor escala, los impactos fueron los más altos en todos los cultivos. Se halló una importante asociación entre los indicadores, los mayores impactos ambientales negativos coincidieron con el incremento de los riesgos ambientales ocasionados por los pesticidas aplicados. Ambos indicadores fueron útiles para valorar la incidencia de los pesticidas en diferentes sistemas de producción. La gestión de los pesticidas puede optimizarse y lograr una producción primaria de alimentos compatibles con las crecientes demandas sociales orientadas a su inocuidad.
The objetive of this work was to study the environmental impacts and risks caused from the application of pesticides on crops in a basin south of Santa Fe, Argentina. The work was developed in the rural basin of Ludueña stream, in soybean, corn and wheat, of eight production systems, two soybean monocultures, two crop rotations, four mixed, with wintering and dairy farm. The information in the annual management of pesticides was surveyed. The coefficient of environmental impact and environmental risk index pesticides used in crop production systems was calculated. The major negative impacts and environmental risk occurred by the inclusion of corn rotations. In the mixed system wintering larger scale impacts were highest in all crops. A significant association was found between indicators, the major negative environmental impacts matched with increasing environmental risks produced by pesticides applied. Both indicators were useful to assess the impact of pesticides on different production systems. The management of pesticides can be optimized and make a primary food production compatible with the growing social demands oriented towards safety.
The objetive of this work was to study the environmental impacts and risks caused from the application of pesticides on crops in a basin south of Santa Fe, Argentina. The work was developed in the rural basin of Ludueña stream, in soybean, corn and wheat, of eight production systems, two soybean monocultures, two crop rotations, four mixed, with wintering and dairy farm. The information in the annual management of pesticides was surveyed. The coefficient of environmental impact and environmental risk index pesticides used in crop production systems was calculated. The major negative impacts and environmental risk occurred by the inclusion of corn rotations. In the mixed system wintering larger scale impacts were highest in all crops. A significant association was found between indicators, the major negative environmental impacts matched with increasing environmental risks produced by pesticides applied. Both indicators were useful to assess the impact of pesticides on different production systems. The management of pesticides can be optimized and make a primary food production compatible with the growing social demands oriented towards safety.
Keywords
impacto ambiental, pesticidas, sistemas de producción, cuenca rural