¿Epicteto necesita de Zeus? Gratitud, vergüenza y responsabilidad moral en Epicteto

Contrary to what has been assumed by several of Epictetus' commentators, I will argue in the present paper that the concept of in Epictetus cannot be reduced to the modern notion of moral conscience, given that the mental phenomenon of (which is closer to the idea of shame than has been assumed by some authors) involves the presence of a transcendent other. The consequences concerning the ethical and theological foundations of Epictetus' thought which derive from this impossibility cannot be neglected if we aim to comprehend the singularity of the author's place in Stoicism.