La dimensión política del conflicto extractivo : la accountability social en escenarios de conflictividad minera en el norte de Perú
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Date
2019
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Publisher
CONICET - Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales
Abstract
Description
Los conflictos extractivos no solo afectan las relaciones entre
las empresas del sector y los ciudadanos disconformes,
sino también las relaciones entre estos ciudadanos y sus
autoridades estatales. La investigación trata de analizar
esta última relación mediante el concepto de accountability
social, que hace referencia a ejercicios de vigilancia
y supervisión que los gobernados ejercen sobre sus
gobernantes. De esta manera, el primer objetivo del estudio
es rastrear el impacto del conflicto en torno al proyecto
minero Conga –de la transnacional Minera Yanacocha–
en la recomposición de los actores y grupos sociales de
la provincia de Celendín, en Cajamarca, en el norte de
Perú. Segundo, se propone explicar en qué medida este
reagrupamiento social no solo facilita prácticas contenciosas
y de presión sobre la compañía minera, sino también
mecanismos de accountability social sobre el alcalde de
Celendín, electo para el periodo 2011-2014. De este modo,
se analizan los ejercicios de control y las agendas públicas
que los sectores movilizados tratan de imponer al alcalde,
las reacciones de la autoridad municipal, así como los
dispositivos de sanción política que los movilizados utilizan
para garantizar sus demandas e intereses de grupo. Para
tal cometido, la investigación se sustenta en el trabajo
de campo en la zona de estudio y en la aplicación de
entrevistas a los actores involucrados en el conflicto minero.
The extractive conflicts not only affect the relations between companies in the sector and non-conforming citizens, but also the relations between these citizens and the State authorities. The article focus on this last relationship through the concept of social accountability, which refers to surveillance and supervision exercises that the governed exercise over the rulers, who are prone to a set of sanctions –with possible implications for their governments– in case they do not correspond to the call of the promoters of control. In this way, firstly the article traces the impact of the conflict around the mining project Conga –of the transnational Minera Yanacocha– in the recompositions of the actors and social groups of the province of Celendin, in Cajamarca, in the north of Peru. It seeks to identify the social dynamics that emerge with the mining conflict, as well as the demands and organizational resources that are positioned in the development of this disruptive scenario. Secondly, it discusses to what extent this social grouping not only facilitates contentious practices and pressure on the mining company, but also mechanisms of social accountability on the Mayor of Celendín, Mauro Arteaga, elected for the period 2011-2014. In this way, the article analyzes the control exercises and public agendas that the mobilized sectors try to impose on the Mayor, his reactions, as well as the political sanctioning devices that this social movement uses to assert their interests and demands according to the position adopted by the State authority. For this purpose, the research is based on fieldwork over the study area and interviews to the actors involved in the conflict.
The extractive conflicts not only affect the relations between companies in the sector and non-conforming citizens, but also the relations between these citizens and the State authorities. The article focus on this last relationship through the concept of social accountability, which refers to surveillance and supervision exercises that the governed exercise over the rulers, who are prone to a set of sanctions –with possible implications for their governments– in case they do not correspond to the call of the promoters of control. In this way, firstly the article traces the impact of the conflict around the mining project Conga –of the transnational Minera Yanacocha– in the recompositions of the actors and social groups of the province of Celendin, in Cajamarca, in the north of Peru. It seeks to identify the social dynamics that emerge with the mining conflict, as well as the demands and organizational resources that are positioned in the development of this disruptive scenario. Secondly, it discusses to what extent this social grouping not only facilitates contentious practices and pressure on the mining company, but also mechanisms of social accountability on the Mayor of Celendín, Mauro Arteaga, elected for the period 2011-2014. In this way, the article analyzes the control exercises and public agendas that the mobilized sectors try to impose on the Mayor, his reactions, as well as the political sanctioning devices that this social movement uses to assert their interests and demands according to the position adopted by the State authority. For this purpose, the research is based on fieldwork over the study area and interviews to the actors involved in the conflict.
Keywords
Accountability social, Minería, Extractivismo, Gobierno local, Perú, Social accountability, Local government