Política exterior y medio ambiente en la Argentina: la influencia de los actores subnacionales y no estatales en la toma de decisiones entre 1989 y 2009
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Date
2010-11
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Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales
Abstract
El Sistema Internacional ha sido una arena de cambios constantes, donde
la pujanza de los denominados actores no tradicionales se volvió materia de
estudio de diversos analistas.
En la Argentina, si bien la Política Exterior continúa siendo una atribución
constitucional del Poder Ejecutivo Nacional con la concurrencia del Congreso en
ciertas materias, podemos afirmar que dichos actores construyeron un poder que
les es propio y que perforó el proceso de toma de decisiones.
La factibilidad de esto radica en las propias características del proceso
decisional de la Política Exterior Argentina. Su clausura a la participación de
actores subnacionales –provincias y municipios- y no estatales -asambleas,
sindicatos, sectores académicos, asociaciones y organizaciones no
gubernamentales, entre otras- conlleva que nos refiramos a su influencia.
En consecuencia, esta tesis se centra en el análisis de una política pública
en particular como es la Política Exterior ambiental en la Argentina y lo que
denominamos la influencia de los actores subnacionales y no estatales en la
misma, en el período que se extiende entre 1989 y 2009.
Para poder dar respuesta al interrogante acerca de cómo influyen dichos
actores en tal proceso decisorio, nos anclamos en una visión constructivista de las
Relaciones Internacionales, fundamentalmente desde la perspectiva de Alexander
Wendt. El marco teórico conceptual es a su vez enriquecido con aportes de la
Ciencia Política, otras teorías de las Relaciones Internacionales y la ecología
política, en mayor medida.
Finalmente, analizamos dos casos que consideramos son fructíferos a la
hora de ejemplificar nuestra hipótesis, es decir: los casos Pasteras y Pascua Lama.
The International System has been an arena of constant change, where the strength of the so-called non-traditional actors became subject of study of many analysts around the world. In Argentina, although the foreign policy remains a constitutional allocation of the National Executive with concurrency of Congress, in certain matters, we can say that these actors have built a power that drilled the decisionmaking process. The feasibility of this, lies in the characteristics of the decision making process, characterized by the closure to the involvement of actors that are not strictly traditional. That condition disables any possibility of other actors to participate in the decision making process, as the provinces, municipalities and non-State actors as assemblies, unions, academics, associations and NGOs, among others. Consequently, this thesis focuses on the analysis of Argentinean foreign policy, in particular in the environmental issue and in what we call the influence of subnational and non-State actors in the decision making process in the period 1989-2009. To be able to respond to the question of how these actors influence the decision-making process, we base on a constructivist vision of international relations, primarily from the perspective of Alexander Wendt. The theoretical framework is also enriched with contributions from other theories of international relations, political science and political ecology. Finally, we look at two cases that we consider are fruitful in exemplify our hypothesis, namely: Pasteras and Pascua Lama
The International System has been an arena of constant change, where the strength of the so-called non-traditional actors became subject of study of many analysts around the world. In Argentina, although the foreign policy remains a constitutional allocation of the National Executive with concurrency of Congress, in certain matters, we can say that these actors have built a power that drilled the decisionmaking process. The feasibility of this, lies in the characteristics of the decision making process, characterized by the closure to the involvement of actors that are not strictly traditional. That condition disables any possibility of other actors to participate in the decision making process, as the provinces, municipalities and non-State actors as assemblies, unions, academics, associations and NGOs, among others. Consequently, this thesis focuses on the analysis of Argentinean foreign policy, in particular in the environmental issue and in what we call the influence of subnational and non-State actors in the decision making process in the period 1989-2009. To be able to respond to the question of how these actors influence the decision-making process, we base on a constructivist vision of international relations, primarily from the perspective of Alexander Wendt. The theoretical framework is also enriched with contributions from other theories of international relations, political science and political ecology. Finally, we look at two cases that we consider are fruitful in exemplify our hypothesis, namely: Pasteras and Pascua Lama
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Keywords
Política exterior, Medio ambiente, Constructivismo, Política, Argentina, Actores subnacionales no estatales, Relaciones internacionales