La cuestión de los refugiados en la política exterior de la Argentina durante el tercer gobierno peronista y la dictadura militar (1973-1983)
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Date
2019
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CONICET - Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales
Abstract
Description
Este artículo analiza la política exterior del tercer gobierno
peronista (1973-1975) y de la dictadura militar (1976-1983)
en organismos multilaterales con relación a un problema
en particular: la situación de los exiliados políticos y, más
especialmente, los refugiados del Cono Sur en el país.
Desde finales de 1973 en adelante, la cuestión de los
refugiados en Argentina adquirió una notable complejidad.
La presencia de chilenos y latinoamericanos interpelaba al
Estado desde lugares distintos, incluso, antagónicos. Así,
las políticas de población convivieron con los enfoques
de “seguridad nacional” y “guerra antisubversiva” que
transformó a los recién llegados en potenciales “enemigos”.
Desde el punto de vista de la política exterior, la cuestión
de los refugiados fue desde el inicio una cuestión de
“guerra” por la imagen del país. En este trabajo, nos
proponemos examinar los usos políticos que hicieron
los diplomáticos argentinos sobre los refugiados en un
período atravesado por la violencia organizada en el marco
del denominado Plan Cóndor (1975-1978) que colocó, a
la Argentina y al resto de las dictaduras de la región, en
el foco de la mirada de los organismos internacionales
que vigilaban el cumplimiento de los derechos humanos.
This article analyzes the foreign policy of the third Peronist government (1973-1975) and the military dictatorship (1976-1983) in multilateral organizations in relation to a particular problem: the situation of the exiles and, more especially, refugees from the Southern Cone in the country. From the end of 1973 onwards the question of refugees in Argentina acquired a remarkable complexity from the point of view of the State. The presence of Chileans and other Latin American nationalities exiles questioned the State from different places, even antagonistic. Thus, population policies coexisted with the approaches of “national security” and “antisubversive warfare” that transformed newcomers into potential “enemies”. From the point of view of foreign policy, the question of refugees was from the beginning a question of “war” for the image of the country. In this paper we propose to examine the political uses made by Argentine diplomats on the question of refugees in a period crossed by organized violence in the framework of the Condor Plan, which placed Argentina and the rest of the dictatorships in the region in the focus of the international agencies that monitored the fulfillment of human rights.
This article analyzes the foreign policy of the third Peronist government (1973-1975) and the military dictatorship (1976-1983) in multilateral organizations in relation to a particular problem: the situation of the exiles and, more especially, refugees from the Southern Cone in the country. From the end of 1973 onwards the question of refugees in Argentina acquired a remarkable complexity from the point of view of the State. The presence of Chileans and other Latin American nationalities exiles questioned the State from different places, even antagonistic. Thus, population policies coexisted with the approaches of “national security” and “antisubversive warfare” that transformed newcomers into potential “enemies”. From the point of view of foreign policy, the question of refugees was from the beginning a question of “war” for the image of the country. In this paper we propose to examine the political uses made by Argentine diplomats on the question of refugees in a period crossed by organized violence in the framework of the Condor Plan, which placed Argentina and the rest of the dictatorships in the region in the focus of the international agencies that monitored the fulfillment of human rights.
Keywords
Diplomacia, Refugiados, Derechos humanos, Argentina, Dictadura militar, Diplomacy, Human rights