Estalinización y estalinismo en el Partido Comunista de Chile. Un debate sobre las tradiciones políticas en el comunismo chileno
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Date
2020-06-05
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ISHIR (Investigaciones Socio-históricas Regionales). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR)
Abstract
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Este artículo analiza el impacto del estalinismo en la conformación de la cultura política del Partido Comunista de Chile. A contrapelo de las interpretaciones que visualizan a esta como producto de cortes abruptos y desconectados del pasado, se propone que, a lo largo de su historia, el PC combinó diversos legados políticos. Estos se ligaron a su origen como POS, al impacto de la tradición bolchevique y a los efectos del proceso de estalinización. De acuerdo a la hipótesis del artículo, la estalinización del PC se produjo durante la década de 1930 y se expresó en tres niveles: ideológico-discursivo, en prácticas políticas y formas de organización interna. Este proceso se consolidó hacia el año 1940, dando inicio al apogeo del estalinismo del PC chileno. Esto, sin embargo, no significó la disolución de las tradiciones anteriores de la colectividad. Esta fase se extendió hasta 1956, cuando la URSS decretó el inicio de la desestalinización del Movimiento Comunista Internacional.
This article analyzes the impact of Stalinism in the political culture of the Communist Party of Chile (CP). Contrary to interpretations that depict this political culture as the result of abrupt and watershed transformations, this article proposes that the CP combined and successfully synthetized diverse political traditions throughout its history. These were related to the CP’s origins as the Socialist Workers Party, to the influx of the Bolshevik Revolution, and to the impact of the Stalinization process. This article argues that the Stalinization of the CP manifested itself in three different levels: ideological discourse; political practice; and internal organization. Nevertheless, the Stalinization of the CP did not lead to the disappearance of the previous political traditions of the party. The process of Stalinization began in the 1930s and achieved wide success around 1940, leading to the apogee of Stalinism in the CP, which lasted until 1956, when the USSR denounced the legacy of Stalinism and stimulated the de-stalinization of the International Communist Movement.
This article analyzes the impact of Stalinism in the political culture of the Communist Party of Chile (CP). Contrary to interpretations that depict this political culture as the result of abrupt and watershed transformations, this article proposes that the CP combined and successfully synthetized diverse political traditions throughout its history. These were related to the CP’s origins as the Socialist Workers Party, to the influx of the Bolshevik Revolution, and to the impact of the Stalinization process. This article argues that the Stalinization of the CP manifested itself in three different levels: ideological discourse; political practice; and internal organization. Nevertheless, the Stalinization of the CP did not lead to the disappearance of the previous political traditions of the party. The process of Stalinization began in the 1930s and achieved wide success around 1940, leading to the apogee of Stalinism in the CP, which lasted until 1956, when the USSR denounced the legacy of Stalinism and stimulated the de-stalinization of the International Communist Movement.
Keywords
Comunismo, Estalinización, Estalinismo, Chile, Communism, Stalinization, Stalinism