El homenaje a los “mártires de junio”. La democratización del martirio en el peronismo de la proscripción
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Date
2021-12-06
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ISHIR (Investigaciones Socio-históricas Regionales). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR)
Abstract
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El artículo recorre algunos momentos clave dela historia de la conmemoración de los “mártires de junio”, durante la etapa de proscripción del peronismo. Se reconstruyen ,primeramente, la coyuntura de la denuncia de los fusilamientos de1956 y la gestación de los primeros homenajes en memoria de los fusilados, al cumplirse el primer aniversario del acontecimiento. En el texto se argumenta que este homenaje contribuyó a laelaboración de un martirologio peronista, el cual, nutrido a lavez de la evocación de Eva Perón y de la de otros “mártires” de la causa de los proscriptos, devino un elemento característico de su constelación conmemorativa, y tiñó de un halo trágico y vindicativo a la vez, la autorrepresentación que los peronistas se hicieron de sí mismos. Para comprender este proceso, se propone, en segundo lugar, que durante el período estudiado tuvo lugar un proceso de “democratización” del martirio, a través del cual el homenaje que originalmente evocaba a los militares fusilados en junio de 1956, y exaltaba especialmente la figura del general Juan J. Valle, se extendió al conjunto de las víctimas peronistas de persecución, cárcel y exilio, multiplicadas durante la década del 60.
This article addresses some key moments of the history of the “June martyrs” commemoration, during the years of proscription of the Peronism . As a first step, it analyzes the circumstances of the first reports against the executions in 1956 and the tribute to the victims in its first anniversary. It states that the “June martyrs” homage helped in building a Peronist martyrology, which was also made up of Eva Perón’s memory and of the tributes to other Peronists martyrs. This martyrology became a typical characteristic of the commemorative Peronist calendar, thus it coloured with tragic and vengeful tones the Peronists’ image of themselves. In order to arrive to an understanding of this, the article explains that a “democratization” of martyrdom took place during the period under analysis. Throughout this process, an homage which originally dealt with military executed in June 1956, but specially focused on the figure of general Juan J. Valle, turned into a tribute to the increasing number of Peronist victims of persecution, prison and exile, as a whole.
This article addresses some key moments of the history of the “June martyrs” commemoration, during the years of proscription of the Peronism . As a first step, it analyzes the circumstances of the first reports against the executions in 1956 and the tribute to the victims in its first anniversary. It states that the “June martyrs” homage helped in building a Peronist martyrology, which was also made up of Eva Perón’s memory and of the tributes to other Peronists martyrs. This martyrology became a typical characteristic of the commemorative Peronist calendar, thus it coloured with tragic and vengeful tones the Peronists’ image of themselves. In order to arrive to an understanding of this, the article explains that a “democratization” of martyrdom took place during the period under analysis. Throughout this process, an homage which originally dealt with military executed in June 1956, but specially focused on the figure of general Juan J. Valle, turned into a tribute to the increasing number of Peronist victims of persecution, prison and exile, as a whole.
Keywords
Peronismo, Rituales políticos, Fusilamientos, Martirio, Political rituals, Martyrdom, Executions