La incidencia de los capitales cultural y social en la sustentabilidad de la producción familiar capitalizada: un estudio de caso en el sur santafesino
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2018
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
FCA-UNR
Abstract
Frente a las transformaciones productivas que se dieron en las últimas décadas en el área
agrícola del sur santafesino, en un contexto dominado por el “agronegocio”, la producción
familiar capitalizada sufrió profundas modificaciones, debiendo adecuar sus sistemas
productivos de maneras muy disímiles para poder perdurar.
Este proceso ha dado señales claras de un deterioro acelerado de los recursos naturales y puesto
en evidencia los conflictos sociales por las externalidades que genera. Los cambios se expresan
como tendencias en la región, pero también se hacen presentes en el interior de cada sistema de
producción, dependiendo de las estrategias que llevan a cabo los productores. Las mismas,
evidencian procesos económicos y socioculturales disímiles y en consecuencia prácticas que
involucran en mayor o menor medida las tres dimensiones de la sustentabilidad.
En este trabajo se presentan las estrategias llevadas a cabo por dos familias productoras del sur
santafesino, como respuestas posibles frente a las transformaciones del contexto y se reflexiona
sobre los grados de sustentabilidad alcanzados en cada caso.
El marco teórico metodológico utilizado es el enfoque de sistemas para caracterizar la estructura
productiva y la evolución en el tiempo de los casos analizados. Se analiza la dotación de
diferentes tipos de capital (económico, social y cultural), la incidencia de los mismos en las
estrategias desarrolladas y sus consecuencias sobre la sustentabilidad. Se considera la necesidad
de un estudio integrado de las dimensiones para su evaluación. Se concluye que, a pesar de una
merma actual de sus ingresos, los aspectos socio-culturales y ambientales incrementan la
sustentabilidad global del sistema de producción diversificado con residencia rural y producción para el mercado interno y el autoconsumo familiar. En contraposición, en el caso
del productor que -siguiendo la tendencia- ha cedido la mayor parte de sus tierras y tiene
residencia urbana, se observa un incremento de los ingresos vía renta de la tierra en detrimento
de las otras dimensiones analizadas con una estrategia que no contempla la persistencia ni el
recambio generacional en su sistema de producción.
Due to the productive transformations that occurred in recent decades in the agricultural area of southern Santa Fe, in a context dominated by the "agribusiness", capitalized family production underwent profound changes, having to adapt their production systems in very different ways to survive. This process has given clear signs of an accelerated deterioration of natural resources and highlighted social conflicts due to the externalities that it generates. The changes are expressed as trends in the region, but they are also present within each production system, depending on the strategies carried out by the producers. They show different economic and sociocultural processes and, consequently, practices that involve, to a greater or lesser extent, also show the three dimensions of sustainability. This paper presents the strategies carried out by two producing families from the south of Santa Fe, as possible responses to the transformations of the context and it reflects on the degrees of sustainability achieved in each case. The theoretical and methodological framework used is the systems approach to characterize the productive structure and the evolution over time of the analyzed cases. The endowment of different types of capital (economic, social and cultural), the incidence of these in the developed strategies and their consequences on sustainability are analyzed. The need for an integrated study of the dimensions for its evaluation is considered. It is concluded that, in spite of a current decline in income, the socio-cultural and environmental aspects increase the global sustainability of the diversified production system with rural residence and production for the domestic market and family self-consumption. In contrast, in the case of the producer who - following the trend - has yielded most of their land and has urban residence, it is noted an increase in income via land rent to the deterioration of the other dimensions analyzed with a strategy that it does not contemplate the persistence or generational change in its production system.
Due to the productive transformations that occurred in recent decades in the agricultural area of southern Santa Fe, in a context dominated by the "agribusiness", capitalized family production underwent profound changes, having to adapt their production systems in very different ways to survive. This process has given clear signs of an accelerated deterioration of natural resources and highlighted social conflicts due to the externalities that it generates. The changes are expressed as trends in the region, but they are also present within each production system, depending on the strategies carried out by the producers. They show different economic and sociocultural processes and, consequently, practices that involve, to a greater or lesser extent, also show the three dimensions of sustainability. This paper presents the strategies carried out by two producing families from the south of Santa Fe, as possible responses to the transformations of the context and it reflects on the degrees of sustainability achieved in each case. The theoretical and methodological framework used is the systems approach to characterize the productive structure and the evolution over time of the analyzed cases. The endowment of different types of capital (economic, social and cultural), the incidence of these in the developed strategies and their consequences on sustainability are analyzed. The need for an integrated study of the dimensions for its evaluation is considered. It is concluded that, in spite of a current decline in income, the socio-cultural and environmental aspects increase the global sustainability of the diversified production system with rural residence and production for the domestic market and family self-consumption. In contrast, in the case of the producer who - following the trend - has yielded most of their land and has urban residence, it is noted an increase in income via land rent to the deterioration of the other dimensions analyzed with a strategy that it does not contemplate the persistence or generational change in its production system.
Description
Keywords
Sistemas de producción familiar, Capital social, Capital cultural, Capital simbólico, Sostenibilidad